Obesidade, gestação e complicações maternas e neonatais: uma revisão sistemática
Obesidade, gestação e complicações maternas e neonatais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36560/16420231691Palavras-chave:
Gestação, Sobrepeso, Obesidade, Complicações Maternas, Complicações NeonataisResumo
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar por meio de uma revisão sistemática a influência do sobrepeso e da obesidade gestacional sobre o desenvolvimento de complicações maternas e neonatais, bem como, demonstrar as principais complicações apresentadas pelas gestantes com sobrepeso ou obesas. A revisão foi conduzida de acordo com critérios presentes no PRISMA Statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Para manejo dos artigos, foi utilizado o Mendeley Desktop como software de gestão de referência dos artigos que abordavam ensaios clínicos não randomizados ou randomizados controlados, estudos de coorte, caso controle, transversal e observacional; estudos com seres humanos, gestantes com sobrepeso e obesidade, e que abordassem as complicações maternas e neonatais. Foram considerados artigos em inglês e português publicados no período entre 2000 e 2020. Foram selecionados 98 artigos, destes 31 artigos demonstravam os impactos do sobrepeso e/ou obesidade sobre o desenvolvimento de diabetes mellitus gestacional, 48 relataram a associação entre sobrepeso e/ou obesidade com a hipertensão gestacional e pré-eclâmpsia, 3 associaram com tromboembolismo venoso e 45 com a indução de trabalho de parto e cesarianas. Ainda, 26 artigos associaram o sobrepeso e/ou obesidade com a prematuridade e 49 com a macrossomia. Assim, pode-se observar que a obesidade associada ao período gestacional aumenta significativamente o risco de complicações para a gestante e para o recém-nascido, podendo comprometer a vida destes a longo prazo.
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