Abstract
The cattle tick Rhipicephalus Boophilus microplus is responsible for high losses in cattle stocking in tropical area, the losses related to parasitism of this agent represents up to 80% of production losses, represented by spoliation, damage to the leather, hematozoa transmission, among others. The problem of increased of resistance to chemical ectoparasiticids has led to the search for new alternatives, among them there is the herbal medicine, in that it is more accessible, less polluting, suspected delay the resistance phenomenon. In this study, it sought to evaluate the efficacy of alcoholic extract of Gallesia integrifolia (garlic's wood) on tick control R. B. microplus. The test was carried out on engorged ticks and on larvae in impregnated papers in vitro. It was found that the hydroalcoholic extract tested at concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 10, 5, 2.5 and 1% was effective on mortality of adult ticks on 100% concentration from about 5% and on larvae, in 10% concentrations. And at 2.5%, the action on the mortality of larvae was considered satisfactory by the official regulatory criteria. These in vitro results are presented favorable regarding the candidacy of G. integrifolia extract for control of R. B. microplus in cattle.
References
- ARUNACHALAM, K., ASCÊNCIO, S.D., RAIMUNDO, I.M.S., AGUIAR, R.W.S., SILVA, L.I., OLIVEIRA, R.G., BALOGUNA, S.O., MARTINS, D.T.O.,. Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng.) Harms: In vitro and in vivoantibacterial activities and mode of action. Journal of Ethnopharmacolology 184:128-137, 2016.
- ARUNACHALAM, K., BALOGUN, S.O., PAVAN, E., ALMEIDA, G.V.B., OLIVEIRA R.G., WAGNER T., CECHINEL FILHO, V., MARTINS, D.T.O. Chemical characterization, toxicology and mechanism of gastric antiulcer action of essential oil from Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng.) Harms in the in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 94:292-306, 2017.
- AKISUE, M.K., AKISUE, G., OLIVEIRA, F. Caracterização farmacognóstica de pau d'alho Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng.) Hams. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 1:166-182, 1986.
- BACARIN, M.A., MARTINAZZO, E.G., CASSOL, D., FALQUETO, A.R., SILVA, D.M. Daytime variations of chlorophyll a fluorescence in pau d'alho seedlings. Revista Ãrvore, 40:1023-1030, 2016.
- BANUMATHI, B., VASEEHARAN, B., RAJASEKAR, P., PRABHU, N.M., RAMASAMY, P., MURUGAN, K., CANALE, A., BENELLI, G. Exploitation of chemical, herbal and nanoformulated acaricides to control the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus – A review. Veterinary Parasitology 244:102-110, 2017.
- CANEVARI, J.T., MANGOLD, A.J., GUGLIELMONE, A.A., NAVA, S. Population dynamics of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in a subtropical subhumid region of Argentina for use in the design of control strategies. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 31:6-14, 2017.
- CHAGAS, A.C.S., OLIVEIRA, M.C.S., GIGLIOTI, R., SANTANA, R.C.M., BIZZO, H.R., GAMA, P.E., CHAVES, F.C.M. Efficacy of 11 Brazilian essential oils on lethality of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Ticks and Tick-borne Disease. 7:427-432, 2016..
- CSORDAS, B.G., CUNHA, R.C., GARCIA, M.V., SILVA, S.S., LEITE, F.L., ANDREOTTI, R. Molecular characterization of the recombinant protein RmLTIBmCG-LTB: Protective immunity against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Plos One 13:e0191596, 2018.
- FERREIRA, F.M., DELMONTE, C.C., NOVATO, T.L.P., MONTEIRO, C.M.O., DAEMON, E., VILELA, F.M.P., AMARAL, MPH. Acaricidal activity of essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum, hydrolate and eugenol formulated or free on larvae and engorged females of Rhipicephalus microplus. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 32:41-47, 2018.
- FOUCHE, G., SAKONG, B.M., ADENUBI, O.T., DZOYEM, J.P., NAIDOO, V., LEBOHO, T., WELLINGTON, K.W., ELOFF, J.N. Investigation of the acaricidal activity of the acetone and ethanol extracts of 12 South African plants against the adult ticks of Rhipicephalus turanicus. Microsc. Res. and tech. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 84: e1-e6, 2017.
- JANADAREE BANDARA, K.M.U., PARAKRAMA KARUNARATNE, S.H.P. 2017. Mechanisms of acaricide resistance in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Sri Lanka. Pesticid and Biochemistry Physiology 139:68-72, 20107
- KHANGEMBAM, R., SINGH H., SHITANSHU, J., RATH, S., SINGH, N.K. Effect of synergists on ivermectin resistance in field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus from Punjab districts, India. Ticks and Tick-borne Disease 9:682-686, 2018.
- KUMAR, K.G.A., SHARMA, A.K., KUMAR, S., RAY, D.D., RAWAT, K.S., SRIVASTAVA, S., GHOSH, S. Comparative in vitro anti-tick efficacy of commercially available products and newly developed phyto-formulations against field collected and resistant tick lines of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Journal of Parasitology Diseases 40:1590-1596, 2016.
- LEONOR, A.F., NASCIMENTO, M., LOPES, L.G., GIGLIOTIA, R., ALBUQUERQUE, R.D.D.G., SANTOS, M.G., FALCÃO, D.Q., NOGUEIRA, J.A.P., ROCHA, L., CHAGAS, A.C.S. First report of the effect of Ocotea elegans essential oil on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Veterinary Parasitology 252, 131-136, 2018.
- MAIA, A.J., SCHWAN-ESTRADA, K.R.F., BOTELHO, R.V., JARDINETTI, V.A., FARIA, C.M.D.R., BATISTA, A.F., COSTA, W.F. Bud break and enzymatic activity in buds of grapevines cv. Ives treated with Gallesia integrifolia hydrolate. Acta Physiology Plantae 35:2727–2735, 2013.
- MOREL, N., SIGNORINI, M.L., MANGOLD, A.J., GUGLIELMONE, A.A., NAVA, S. Strategic control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus infestation on beef cattle grazed in Panicum maximum grasses in a subtropical semi-arid region of Argentina. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 144:179-183, 2017.
- RAIMUNDO, K.F., BORTOLUCCI, W.C., SILVA, E.S., PEREIRA, A.F.B., SAKAI, O.A., PIAU, R., GONCALVES, J.E., LINDE, G.A., GAZIM, Z.C. Chemical composition of garlic wood ('Gallesia integrifolia') (Phytolaccaceae) volatile compounds and their activity on cattle tick. Australian Journal of Crop Sciece 11:1058-1067, 2017.
- ROSADO-AGUILAR, J.A., RODRÃGUEZ-VIVAS, R.I., BORGES-ARGAEZ, R., ARJONA-CAMBRANES, K.A. Acaricidal activity of Havardia albicans and Caesalpinia gaumeri methanolic leaf extracts on Rhipicephalus microplus and its toxicity to laboratory animals. Experimental Applied Acarolology 71:345–354, 2017.
- SANTOS, F.O., LIMA, H.G., ROSA, S.S.S., MERCÊS, N.B., SERRA, T.M., UZEDA, R.S., REIS, I.M.A., BOTURA, M.B., BRANCO, A., BATATINHA, M.J.M. In vitro acaricide and anticholinesterase activities of Digitaria insularis (Poaceae) against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Veterinary Parasitology 255:102-106, 2018.
- Sharifi-Rad, J., Sureda, A., Tenore, G.C., Daglia, M., Sharifi-Rad, M., Valussi, M., Tundis, R., Sharifi-Rad, M., Loizzo, M.R., Ademiluyi, A.O., Sharifi-Rad, R., Ayatollahi, S.A., Iriti, M. Biological Activities of Essential Oils: From Plant Chemoecology to Traditional Healing Systems. Molecules 22:1-55, 2017.
- SINGH, N.K., GOOLSBY, J.A., SHAPIRO-ILAN, D.I., MILLER, R.J., SETAMOU, M., PEREZ DE LEON, A.A. Effect of Immersion Time on Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes against Engorged Females of Cattle Fever Tick, Rhipicephalus (=Boophilus) microplus. Southwest. Entomology 43:19-28, 2018.
- SOUZA, J.R.L., REMEDIO, R.N., ARNOSTI, A., ABREU, R.M.M., CAMARGO-MATHIAS, M.I. The effects of neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. JUSS) enriched with different concentrations of azadirachtin on the integument of semi-engorged Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae) females. Microscopy Research Technology 80:838–844, 2017.
- VINTURELLE, R., MATTOS, C., MELONI, J., NOGUEIRA, J., NUNES, M.J., VAZ JR., I.S., ROCHA, L., LIONE, V., CASTRO, H.C., CHAGAS, E.F. In Vitro Evaluation of Essential Oils Derived from Piper nigrum (Piperaceae) and Citrus limonum (Rutaceae) against the Tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Biochemistry Research International ID 5342947:1-9, 2017.
- WEBSTER, A., SOUZA, U.A., MARTINS, J.R., KLAFKE, G., RECK, J., SCHRANK, A. Comparative study between Larval Packet Test and Larval Immersion Test to assess the effect of Metarhizium anisopliae on Rhipicephalus microplus tick larvae. Experimental Applied Acarology 74:455-461, 2018.
- YESSINOU, R.E., AKPO, Y., SIDICK, A., ADOLIGBE, C., YOUSSAO ABDOU KARIM, I., AKOGBETO, M., FAROUGOU, S. Evidence of multiple mechanisms of alphacypermethrin and deltamethrin resistance in ticks Rhipicephalus microplus in Benin, West Africa. Tick and Tick-borne Disease 9:665-671, 2018.