Quality of life assessment of patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis on north of Mato Grosso

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is considered a public health problem and accounts for 60% of the world's deaths, affecting approximately 35% of the world's population. Due to its severity, it may restrict the performance of daily activities and significantly alter the quality of life of chronic renal patients. The present work aims to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of patients with CKD in hemodialysis treatment in the north of Mato Grosso. This is a descriptive and exploratory study, with a quantitative approach, involving 30 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis who answered a semi-structured interview with a sociodemographic profile and a Kidney Diseases Quality of Life - SF (KDQOL-SF) questionnaire, in the second half of 2016. Data were tabulated and analyzed by descriptive statistics. The results showed that the main dimensions of quality of life altered were physical aspects (mean score of 44,16), burden of kidney disease (mean score of 36,54) and work status (mean score of 15), getting all with mean scores below 50. On the other hand, intervieweds had high mean scores (between the third and fourth quartile of the graph) for the domains of mental health (73.72), social aspects (72.5), pain (71.33), functional capacity (68 .16) and vitality (64.41). In addition, when evaluating, in general, the specific areas of CKD that can be affected in hemodialysis patients, data showed that 9 of the 11 domains evaluated had mean scores in the upper quartiles (third and fourth), which indicates that most of the dimensions evaluated in these patients were satisfactory and may contribute to a better health-related quality of life (HRQoL). It is noteworthy that the domain of encouragement by the team presented a very satisfactory average score, 90.41. Together, these results contribute to the advancement of scientific knowledge by pointing out the potentially modifiable factors that reduce HRQoL. Thus, it is suggested that no matter how difficult it is to deal with a chronic disease and its treatment, when the patient has social support, quality care and a satisfactory relationship with the multiprofessional team, there is an improvement in coping with the disease and consequent improvement in quality of life for chronic renal patients on hemodialysis. Finally, the data from this population group reinforce the importance of the health team to continuously assess the factors involved in the QoL of these patients so that they can create coping strategies with the patient, in an attempt to improve the physical and work capacity of these individuals and thus make the burden of CKD and hemodialysis lighter.