Silagem de bagaço de maçã com diferentes períodos de pré-secagem na ensilagem

Andressa Fernanda Campos; Bruno José Dani Rinaldi; Isabela Fonseca

doi:10.36560/17520241970

Authors

Andressa Fernanda Campos Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-277X
Bruno José Dani Rinaldi Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Videira
Isabela Fonseca Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Campus Rio Pomba

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36560/17520241970

Keywords:

agroindustry, DM losses, effluents, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts

Abstract

The aim of the work was to evaluate silages produced with apple pomace with different pre-drying periods for ensiling. The treatments were different concentrations of dry matter (DM) after different periods of pre-drying, as follows: PS0: apple pomace without pre-drying; PS24: apple pomace pre-dried for 24 hours; PS48: apple pomace pre-dried for 48 hours and PS72: apple pomace pre-dried for 72 hours. The statistical design used was completely randomized, with four treatments and five replications, totaling 20 experimental silos. The density of the ensiled mass (kg m-3) changed with the treatments (P<0.01), with a quadratic decrease with the increase in the pre-drying period (PS48 and PS72), due to the higher DM content, consequently. DM losses, both in the form of gas, in % DM, and effluent, in kg t-1 of green mass (GM), were changed quadratically, according to the treatments (P=0.013 and P=0.021, respectively), with minimum points for silages with longer pre-drying periods. In the bromatological composition, there was an effect of pre-drying periods before ensiling on the concentrations of DM (P<0.01), crude protein (CP) (P=0.023), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P=0.021) and Lignin (LIG) (P=0.042). The values of organic matter (OM) (P=0.159), mineral matter (MM) (P=0.101) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (P=0.194) showed no significant effects for the treatments. The population dynamics of microorganisms differed at the time of opening, with differences for lactic acid bacteria, in UFC g-1 of silage, (P=0.024) and yeasts, in UFC g-1 of silage, (P=0.027), both fitting to the quadratic model. There was a treatment effect on silage pH (P<0.01), decreasing with longer pre-drying periods. Therefore, it is concluded that the pre-drying periods before ensiling for apple pomace alter the DM values of the silages, influencing the fermentative parameters and mainly, the losses of dry matter, with 48 hours of pre-drying being recommended or d value 35% DM for apple pomace before ensiling.

References

BERNARDES, T.F.; REIS, R.A.; MOREIRA, A.L. Fermentative and microbiological profile of marandu-grass ensiled with citrus pulp pellets. Scientia Agricola, v.62, p.214-220, 2005.

BORREANI, G.; TABACCO, E.; SCHMIDT, R.J.; HOLMES, B.J.; MUCK, R.E. Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages. Journal of Dairy Science, v.101; p.3952-3979. 2018

BRAND, C.B. Valor nutritivo do bagaço de maçã como aditivo em silagem de milho. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Zootecnia). Florianópolis: UFSC, 2014. 39 p.

BRASIL Legislação. Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos - Lei no 12.305, de 2 de agosto de 2010.

Disponível em: <http://www.jusbrasil.com.br/legislacao/1024358/politica-nacional-de-residuossolidos-lei-12305-10>. Acesso em: 02 de março de 2024.

CORRÊA, A.A.; BACKES, A.A.; FAGUNDES, J.L.; BARBOSA, L.T.; SOUSA, B.M.L.; OLIVEIRA, V.S.; MOREIRA, A.L. Caracterização da silagem da rama de batata doce emurchecida e adicionada de fubá de milho com aditivo. Boletim de Indústria Animal, Nova Odessa, v.73, n.4, p.272-280, 2016.

DETMANN, E.; SOUZA, M.A.; VALADARES FILHO, S.C.; QUEIROZ, A.C.; BERCHIELLI, T.T.; SALIBA, E.O.S.; CABRAL, L.S.; PINA, D.S.; LADEIRA, M.M.; AZEVÊDO, J.A.G. (Eds.) Métodos para análise de alimentos. Visconde do Rio Branco, MG: Suprema, 214p., 2012

EPAGRI-CEPA. Síntese Anual da Agricultura de Santa Catarina – 2022/2023. Florianópolis: Epagri/Cepa, 2023. 196p.

FERREIRA, A.C.H.; NEIVA, J.N.M.; RODRIGUEZ, N.M.; BORGES, I.; CAMPOS, W.E. Avaliação nutricional do subproduto da agroindústria de abacaxi como aditivo de silagem de capim-elefante. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v. 38, p. 223-229, 2009.

FERREIRA, A.C.H.; RODRIGUEZ, N.M.; NEIVA, J.N.M.; LOBO, R.N.B.; NUNES, F.C.S.; CARVALHO, R.F.; SAULYTIS, F.C.F. Valor Nutritivo de Silagens de Capim Elefante com Níveis Crescentes de Subprodutos da Indústria do Suco de Caju. In: Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41, Anais..., 2004, Campo Grande-MS.

GRIZOTTO, R. K.; BUENO, A. P. A.; CAMPOS, A. F.; SIQUEIRA, G. R.; MODESTO, R. T. Silagem de bagaço de laranja aditivada com polpa cítrica peletizada. Boletim de Indústria Animal, Nova Odessa, v.74, n.1, p.17-26, 2017.

GRIZOTTO, R.K.; SIQUEIRA, G.R.; CAMPOS, A.F.; MODESTO, R.T.; RESENDE, F.D. Fermentative parameters and aerobic stability of orange peel silage with pelleted citrus pulp. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. v. 49. 2020.

JOBIM, C.C., REIS, R.A, SCHOCKEN-ITURRINO, R.P., ROSA, B. Desenvolvimento de microrganismos durante a utilização de silagens de grãos úmidos de milho e de espigas de milho sem brácteas. Acta Scientiarum, v 21, n.3, p.671-676, 1999

KENNEDY, M.; LIST, D.; LU, Y.; FOO, L.Y.; NEWMAN, R.H.; SIMS, I.M.; BAIN, P.J.S.; HAMILTON, B.; FENTON, G. Apple pomace and products derived from apple pomace: uses, composition and analysis. In: LINSKENS, H. F.; JACKSON, J. F. (Ed.). Modern methods of plant analyses. Analysis of plant waste materials. Berlin: Springer Verlag,1999. p. 75-119.

KLEINSCHIMIT, D.H.; KUNG JR., L. A meta-analysis of the effects of Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn and grass and small-grain silages. Journal of Dairy Science, v.89, p.4005-4013, 2006

KUNG Jr., L.; GRIEVE, D.B.; THOMAS, J.W. et al. Added ammonia or microbial inoculant for fermentation and nitrogenous compounds of alfalfa ensiled at various percents of dry matter. Journal of

Dairy Science, v.67, n.2 p.299-306, 1984.

McDONALD, P.J.; HENDERSON, A.R.; HERON, S.J.E. The biochemistry of silage. 2.ed. Mallow: Chalcombe Publications, 1991. 340p.

MERTENS, D.R. Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber in feeds with refluxing in beakers or crucibles: collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International, v.85, p.1217-1240, 2002

MUCK, R.E. Silage microbiology and its control through additives. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.39, p.183-191. 2010.

PAHLOW G.; MUCK, R.E.; DRIEHUIS, F. et al. Microbioloy of ensiling. In: BUXTON, D.R.; MUCK, R.E.; HARRISON, J.H. (Eds.) Silage science and technology Madison: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2003. p.31-93.

REGO, F.C.A.; LUDOVICO, A.; SILVA; L.C.; LIMA, L.D.; SANTANA, E.W.; FRANÇOSO, M.C. Perfil fermentativo, composição bromatológica e perdas em silagem de bagaço de laranja com diferentes inoculantes microbianos. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, v.33, p.3411-3420. 2012.

ROBERTSON, J.B.; VAN SOEST, P.J. The detergent system of analysis and its application to human foods. In: JAMES, W. P. T.; THEANDER, O. (Ed.) The analysis of dietary fiber in food. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1981, p.123-158

SIQUEIRA, G.R.; REIS, R.A.; SCHOCKEN-ITURRUNO, R.P.; et al. Perdas de silagens de cana-de-açúcar tratadas com aditivos químicos e bacterianos. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.36, n.6, p.2000- 2009, 2007 (supl.).

VALENÇA, R.L.; FERREIRA, A.C.D.; SANTOS, A.C.P.; SILVA, B.C.D.; SANTOS, G.R.A.; OLIVEIRA, E.S. Composição química e perdas em silagem de bagaço de laranja pré-seco. Boletim de Indústria Animal, v.73, p. 206-211, 2016.